Page 176 - Water Standards
P. 176

3   7  Surge Shafts

                       3   7   1  The surge shaft (hereafter referred to as shaft) construction
                       method shall be determined according to factors such as the
                       surrounding rock stability, excavation section size, upward and
                       downward ways, form of roof structure, the influence on construction
                       of upper structures after extended excavation of lower parts, as well as
                       construction equipment. The following contents shall be included:
                           1  Flow construction process is suitable for small and medium⁃
                       sized section shafts with surrounding rock of Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ or Type
                       Ⅲ which can be stabilized by shotcrete⁃anchorage support, or for
                       large section shafts with good stability.
                           2  Segmented flow construction process is suitable for large and
                       medium⁃sized section shafts with surrounding rock of Types Ⅲ and
                       Ⅳ, or shafts with poor local conditions needing timely lining, or
                       large sections shafts with surrounding rock of Types Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ.
                       3   7   2  Shaft excavation shall meet the requirements in Section 2   4 of
                       this specification.
                       3   7   3  Reinforcement of a exposed shaft entrance shall meet the fol⁃
                       lowing requirements:
                           1  Slopes over the entrance shall be reinforced according to the
                       requirements for the slope treatment. The excavation size of the en⁃
                       trance platform shall be decided according to the construction
                       conditions and the requirements of the upper buildings. Each side
                       should be a surplus of 3-5m wide beyond the buiding sizes. Drainage
                       ditchs shall be prepared at the slope foot to prevent surface water from
                       draining into the shaft.
                           2  For large section shafts, after excavation to a certain depth
                       from the entrance, reinforcement shall be done according to the sta⁃
                       bility condition of the surrounding rock, or lined according to the re⁃
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