Page 166 - Water Standards
P. 166
lected according to the specific conditions.
4 Based on the hydrological and geological conditions of poor
zones, grouting can be adopted to achieve the three aims of
reinforcing the surrounding rock, water sealing or water sealing and
reinforcement.
5 For zones with serious groundwater, comprehensive measures
of drainage, plugging, cutting off and guiding should be adopted.
6 For a tunnel at karst zones, information such as karst type,
corrosion morphology, the character and distributed area of the filler
and deposit, and the underground water pattern shall be ascertained.
Based on karst scale and stability, the excavation method and treat⁃
ment measures shall be decided. Do not disturb the stability of karst
caves when passing through them. Critical rock in the karst caves
should be treated using the methods of plugging, isolation, clearing
or supporting. For seepage channels, it should be backfilled with
weakly permeable material or plugged with cement grouting.
7 When collapse occurs, the reasons, scale and pattern of the
collapse shall be ascertained, measures put forward, and action
taken quickly, to prevent the collapse area from extending and expan⁃
ding. Small scale collapse caused by fracture expansion should be
dealt with by the methods of shotcrete anchors, cantilever beams and
replacing supports. For small scale collapse with narrow collapse
body, the method of opposite supporting and cantilever beams can be
used; for medium scale collapse, the method of shotcrete anchors,
inserting rods, roof protection and steel tube canopy frames should be
used; for large scale collapse, the method of grouting, circular pilot
tunnel and concrete longitudinal beam can be used. If groundwater is
strong, the water should be treated before tackling the collapse.
8 The construction of tunnel shotcrete⁃bolt supports shall be
carried out according to the regulations in SL 377
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