Page 166 - Water Standards
P. 166

lected according to the specific conditions.
                           4  Based on the hydrological and geological conditions of poor
                       zones, grouting can be adopted to achieve the three aims of
                       reinforcing the surrounding rock, water sealing or water sealing and
                       reinforcement.
                           5  For zones with serious groundwater, comprehensive measures
                       of drainage, plugging, cutting off and guiding should be adopted.
                           6  For a tunnel at karst zones, information such as karst type,
                       corrosion morphology, the character and distributed area of the filler
                       and deposit, and the underground water pattern shall be ascertained.
                       Based on karst scale and stability, the excavation method and treat⁃
                       ment measures shall be decided. Do not disturb the stability of karst
                       caves when passing through them. Critical rock in the karst caves
                       should be treated using the methods of plugging, isolation, clearing
                       or supporting. For seepage channels, it should be backfilled with
                       weakly permeable material or plugged with cement grouting.
                           7  When collapse occurs, the reasons, scale and pattern of the
                       collapse shall be ascertained, measures put forward, and action
                       taken quickly, to prevent the collapse area from extending and expan⁃
                       ding. Small scale collapse caused by fracture expansion should be
                       dealt with by the methods of shotcrete anchors, cantilever beams and
                       replacing supports. For small scale collapse with narrow collapse
                       body, the method of opposite supporting and cantilever beams can be
                       used; for medium scale collapse, the method of shotcrete anchors,
                       inserting rods, roof protection and steel tube canopy frames should be
                       used; for large scale collapse, the method of grouting, circular pilot
                       tunnel and concrete longitudinal beam can be used. If groundwater is
                       strong, the water should be treated before tackling the collapse.
                           8  The construction of tunnel shotcrete⁃bolt supports shall be
                       carried out according to the regulations in SL 377  
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