Page 165 - Water Standards
P. 165

4  Forebay concrete and masonry shall be constructed according
                       to design requirements, and the requirements of Sections 2   7 and 2   8
                       of this specification.
                           5  Civil construction of the forebay shall be coordinated with
                       other relevant specialties such as metal structures.

                                             3   5  Tunnels

                       3   5   1  General excavation of tunnels shall be done in accordance
                       with the regulations in Section 2   4 of this specification.
                       3   5   2  Excavation with unfavorable geological conditions shall meet
                       the following requirements:
                           1  When tunnels in poor geological zones, excavation shall be
                       carried out in advance with a pilot tunnel through the excavation sur⁃
                       face, or advance exploration methods, such as drilling a large diame⁃
                       ter horizontal hole along the tunneling direction by a horizontal drilling
                       rig, shall be used so as to forecast geological condition. Drainage
                       shall be done well. The tunnel entrance shall be reinforced. The lining
                       shall be carried out as early as possible. The methods of short footage,
                       weak blasting, and strong support shall be adopt. Diligently
                       inspection, observation and feedback are necessary for adopting
                       timely strengthening measures.
                           2  The methods of advanced supports shall be mainly used for
                       stablizing the surrounding rock, which are of inserting forepoling
                       bolts, pipe roofing, and steel ( reinforcement grid ) supports via
                       working face.
                           3  For broken and weak clay rock, reinforce the surrounding
                       rock of the main tunnel through the construction branch tunnel, and
                       then do the main tunnel excavation. The reinforcement area shall be
                       decided according to the geological conditions. The reinforcement
                       measures such as anchors, boards, plates or bored piles shall be se⁃
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