Page 165 - Water Standards
P. 165
4 Forebay concrete and masonry shall be constructed according
to design requirements, and the requirements of Sections 2 7 and 2 8
of this specification.
5 Civil construction of the forebay shall be coordinated with
other relevant specialties such as metal structures.
3 5 Tunnels
3 5 1 General excavation of tunnels shall be done in accordance
with the regulations in Section 2 4 of this specification.
3 5 2 Excavation with unfavorable geological conditions shall meet
the following requirements:
1 When tunnels in poor geological zones, excavation shall be
carried out in advance with a pilot tunnel through the excavation sur⁃
face, or advance exploration methods, such as drilling a large diame⁃
ter horizontal hole along the tunneling direction by a horizontal drilling
rig, shall be used so as to forecast geological condition. Drainage
shall be done well. The tunnel entrance shall be reinforced. The lining
shall be carried out as early as possible. The methods of short footage,
weak blasting, and strong support shall be adopt. Diligently
inspection, observation and feedback are necessary for adopting
timely strengthening measures.
2 The methods of advanced supports shall be mainly used for
stablizing the surrounding rock, which are of inserting forepoling
bolts, pipe roofing, and steel ( reinforcement grid ) supports via
working face.
3 For broken and weak clay rock, reinforce the surrounding
rock of the main tunnel through the construction branch tunnel, and
then do the main tunnel excavation. The reinforcement area shall be
decided according to the geological conditions. The reinforcement
measures such as anchors, boards, plates or bored piles shall be se⁃
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