Page 157 - Water Standards
P. 157

principles of slope presplit, excavation from top to bottom and setting
                       berms every certain height. Horizontal layering and loose blasting
                       should be employed at mid channel. Horizontal layer thickness shall
                       be determined by the factor of ensuring efficiency of excavating and
                       loading machinery. A layer near to the bottom, 20-30cm thick, shall
                       be reserved and excavated manually to prevent overexcavation. For
                       channels along mountains, slopes above the channel platform shall be
                       excavated first, and slope treatment shall be done well to ensure slope
                       stability.
                       3   4   3  Filling construction of open channels shall meet the following
                       requirements:
                           1  Completely⁃filled channels. After being cleared, the channel
                       may be backfilled by the full face method to the proper elevation above
                       the channel bottom, and ballast at mid channel does not have to be
                       vibrated and compacted. Then the intermediate groove may be excava⁃
                       ted, and slag may be disposed of on the left and right dikes and rolled
                       and compacted layer by layer. Finally, cutting the inside and outside
                       slopes may be carried out in the forward direction. The full face should
                       be backfilled to a height so as to ensure that slag disposal at the mid
                       channel satisfies the slag usage of left and right dikes.
                           2    Semi⁃filling and semi⁃excavating channels. After being
                       cleared, the foundation of the filling area shall firstly be rolled and
                       compacted with smooth rollers. Soil from the excavation area shall be
                       disposed of in the filling area and shall be vibrated and compacted lay⁃
                       er by layer.
                           3  Filling shall meet the requirements of Article 2   3   3 of this
                       specification.
                       3   4   4  Anti⁃seepage works construction of channels shall meet the
                       following requirements:
                           1  Anti⁃seepage materials for channels mainly include soil, ce⁃
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