Page 156 - Water Standards
P. 156

tower cranes, crawler cranes or other tools which may also be em⁃
                       ployed for hoisting the upper precast elements.
                           6  For intake sluices on soft foundation, pouring sequences are
                       that a deeper base should be completed before that on a shallower
                       base, and pouring of heavy and large structures before that of light
                       and thin structures.
                       3   4   2  Excavation of open channels shall meet the following require⁃
                       ments:
                           1  Conditions of topography, geology and construction shall be
                       considered, and excavation should be carried out part by part and
                       segment by segment. The excavation process shall be correctly chosen.
                           2   Earthwork channel slopes shall be excavated carefully to
                       avoid the failure. Ballast shall not be stacked on the slope top. Slope
                       top drainage shall be unblocked to prevent water from flushing the
                       slopes. A rapid construction method shall be employed to achieve sim⁃
                       ultaneous excavation and lining.
                           3  Full⁃section should be excavated in one step for common
                       earthwork channels. For mechanized excavation of large channels, in⁃
                       termediate grooves should be excavated first, and then the left and
                       right slopes, and finally manual excavation to reach the bottom and
                       cut the slopes for channel formation.
                           4  For excavation of channels on soft foundations, which is
                       quicksand or a mud layer with low bearing capacity, drainage shall be
                       enhanced to keep the ground water level 0   5-1   0m below the excava⁃
                       tion surface. The methods of padding plates or stone ballast displace⁃
                       ment should employ in case of mechanized construction which the
                       large machinery may move on them. Backward excavation method
                       should be employed. Excavation and slope cutting should be carried
                       out simultaneously, and completed in one step.
                           5  Stonework channels shall be excavated by complying with the
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