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There are about 85,000 reservoirs in China, of which 420 are large-scale reservoirs and 2744 are medium-sized reservoirs. These reservoirs have played an important role in flood control, irrigation, water supply, power generation and improvement of ecological environment, and worked as key infrastructures for national economic development. However, most of these reservoirs were constructed during the period of 1950s～1970s, at low level of flood control standard and in poor quality. Now the reservoirs are ageing and lack of proper maintenance due to the shortage of funds. Nearly 40% of the reservoirs turn into hazardous. These hazard reservoirs pose potential threat to people’s lives and property downstream.
Statistical data from 1954 to 2001 show that a total of 3462 reservoir dams have breached, and the average annual dam-breach rate is 8.79×10－4, much more than the world average. Since 1980, the Chinese Government has paid more attention to reservoir safety, dam breach rate has been greatly reduced and the average within 21 years is 5.54×10－4, but still higher than the world average. |
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Dahuofang Reservoir after reinforcement |
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Project planning |
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In 1986 and 1992, Ministry of Water Resources included 81 reservoirs into the first phase reinforcement and rehabilitation plan. With Centre Government funding, strengthening of hazard reservoirs had been implemented. |
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Hazard reservoir |
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In March 2000, Ministry of Water Resources worked out the “Plan of Reinforcement and Rehabilitation of Hazard Reservoirs” and completed reinforcement and rehabilitation of hazard reservoirs listed in the first-phase and second phase of the plan before 2001. The total investment is 11.42 billion Yuan. In 2002-2005, a total of 1346 reservoirs were repaired with a total investment of 23.76 billion Yuan. In 2006-2010, an investment of 15.18 billion Yuan is approved. It is planned, till the year of 2015, all hazard reservoirs shall be reinforced to meet the national flood control standard. The total budget of 50.36 billions Yuan shall be allocated together by the Central Government, local governments and reservoir owners, to complete the reinforcement and rehabilitation. |
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Laws and regulations are stipulated for reservoir safety and rehabilitation, such as the “Regulations of Reservoir Safety Management” (1991 ), the “Regulations on Dam Registration” and the “Reservoir Safety Appraisal Procedures” (1996), the “Guideline on Reservoir Safety Evaluation” (2001), and the “Norm on Dam Degrading or Decommissioning Management” (2003). |
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Huanglishu Reservoir after reinforcement
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According to “Reservoir Safety Appraisal Procedures” (1996), the authority responsible for reservoir safety and water administrative department should conduct periodical assessment on dam safety, and normally once in 6-10 years.The procedure includes assessment and on-site investigation on reservoir safety. Such activities must be undertaken by the qualified authority.
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Huanglishu Reservoir after reinforcement |
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Implementation of Reservoir Reinforcement and Rehabilitation |
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Reservoir reinforcement and rehabilitation is implemented under the principle of “project owned by legal persons, and supervised by professionals and constructed through tendering and bidding procedure”, so as to guarantee project quality. Ministry of Water Resources is responsible for organization of check and acceptance of projects. After the completion of reservoir reinforcement and rehabilitation, despite of check and acceptance of the project, safety inspection may also be carried out before reservoir impoundment.
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